《植物生理学报》 2018, 54(6): 1119-1129

不同抗旱性小麦快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线对干旱及复水的响应

原佳乐^#, 马超^#, 冯雅岚, 张均, 杨发强, 李友军^*

河南科技大学农学院, 河南省旱地农业工程技术研究中心, 河南洛阳471023

通信作者：李友军；E-mail: hkdlyj@126.com

摘　要：

以抗旱性不同的4个小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种为材料, 利用室内水培的方法, 系统研究了正常、轻度干旱、重度干旱及旱后复水对小麦苗期干物质量及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。研究结果表明: 干旱胁迫下各小麦品种干物质量均明显降低, 且4个小麦品种在不同干旱条件下抗旱性均表现为‘晋麦47’>‘洛麦26’>‘洛麦23’>‘郑引1号’; 干旱胁迫使叶绿素荧光诱导动力学(OJIP)曲线发生变化, 最小荧光强度(F_o)值呈增加趋势, 且‘郑引1号’重度干旱组与对照组存在明显差异; 随着4个小麦品种抗旱性强弱和干旱程度的增加, 叶绿素荧光诱导曲线初始斜率(M_o)、在J点的相对可变荧光强度(V_j)、在I点的相对可变荧光强度(V_i)值均呈递增趋势, 最大光合效率(φ_Po)、用于电子传递的量子产额(φ_Eo)和反应中心捕获的激子将电子传递到初级醌受体以后其他电子受体的概率(ψ_o)值均呈递减趋势; 不同品种小麦光合性能指数(PI_ABS)在干旱胁迫下比最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)更为灵敏; 干旱胁迫解除后, 抗旱性强的品种和中等抗旱小麦品种光合机构还可恢复, 而抗旱性弱的‘郑引1号’在重度干旱下受到不可逆的伤害; 干旱敏感系数与叶绿素荧光参数单位面积电子传递的量子产额(ET_o/CS)和单位面积热耗散(DI_o/CS)的相关性达到显著水平。因此, 可以根据PI_ABS、ET_o/CS和DI_o/CS参数的变化来鉴定小麦的抗旱性。

关键词：小麦; 干旱; 复水; 干物质量; 叶绿素荧光

收稿：2018-01-08   修定：2018-05-14

资助：国家自然科学基金(31401323)、河南科技大学基金(09001814)和河南科技大学学科提升振兴A计划项目(13660002)。

Response of chlorophyll fluorescence transient in leaves of wheats with different drought resistances to drought stresses and rehydration

YUAN Jia-Le^#, MA Chao^#, FENG Ya-Lan, ZHANG Jun, YANG Fa-Qiang, LI You-Jun^*

College of Agricultural, Henan University of Science and Technology; Dryland Agriculture Engineering and Technology Research Center in Henan, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China

Corresponding author: LI You-Jun; E-mail: hkdlyj@126.com

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of normal, mild drought, severe drought and post-drought recovery on the biomass and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of wheat seedlings, four varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) with different drought resistances were taken as materials by using hydroponics in greenhouses. The results show that the biomasses of all varieties decreased under drought stress, and the drought resistances among the varieties was ‘Jinmai 47’ (JM47) > ‘Luomai 26’ (LM26) > ‘Luomai 23’ (LM23) > ‘Zhengyin 1’ (ZY1). The chlorophyll fluorescence transient curve (OJIP) was changed by drought stress, and minimal chlorophyll fluorescence (F_o) increased after dark adaptation. There was a significant difference between the severe drought group and the control group in ZY1. With the increase of drought resistance and drought degree of four wheat varieties, the values of initial slope of the chlorophyll fluorescence transient curve (M_o), relative variable fluorescence intensity at J point (V_j), and relative variable fluorescence intensity at I point (V_i) showed increasing trends, while the values of maximal photochemical efficiency (φ_Po), reaction center for electron transport (φ_Eo) and efficiency with which a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain (ψ_o) of PSII showed decreasing trends. The photosynthetic performance indices (PI_ABS) of different wheat cultivars were more sensitive to drought stress than identical maximal photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry efficiency (F_v/F_m) under dark adaptation. During recovery, the photosynthetic apparatus of drought-tolerant variety (JM47) and common varieties (LM26 and LM23) could be recovered, but drought sensitive variety (ZY1) was irreversibly damaged in severe drought. The drought sensitive coefficient is significantly correlated to quantum yield electron transfered per unit area (ET_o/CS) and heat dissipation of the unit area (DI_o/CS). Therefore, the drought resistance of wheat can be identified according to the variations of PI_ABS, ET_o/CS and DI_o/CS.

Key words: wheat; drought stress; rehydration; biomass; chlorophyll fluorescence